ASTM D4093-95

1.1 This test method covers measurements of direction of principal strains, E ₁ and E₂ , and the photoelastic retardation, [delta], using a compensator, for the purpose of analyzing strains in transparent or translucent plastic materials. The test method can be used to determine the difference of principal strains or normal strains when the principal directions do not change substantially within the light path.

1.2 In addition to the method using a compensator described in this test method, other methods are in use, such as the goniometric method (using rotation of the analyzer) mostly applied for measuring small retardation, and expressing it as a fraction of a wavelength. Nonvisual methods employing photoelectric conversion and eliminating the human judgement factor are also possible.

1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.