ISO/TR 23016-5:2024

This document provides practical data collection of promoting the germination of typical vegetable seeds by applying ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) within the effective number concentrations for barley seeds specified in ISO 23016-2, ISO/TR 23016-3 and ISO 23016-4. While the application of UFB to barley seeds is systematically standardized, reports on UFB application to vegetable seeds germination are scattered worldwide. Therefore, this document intends to illustrate the effectiveness of UFBs to promote the germination of vegetable seeds depending on their response to light, i.e.: a) require light to germinate (positive photoblastic), b) require darkness to germinate (negative photoblastic), and c) neutral to light.